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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2013

or

For the transition period from              to             

Commission File Number: 001-35669

SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Jonathan Oringer

Chief Executive Officer

Shutterstock, Inc.

60 Broad Street, 30th Floor

New York, NY 10004

(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

(646) 419-4452

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  x  Yes  o  No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).  x  Yes  o  No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  o  Yes  x  No

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of stock, as of the latest practicable date.

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Shutterstock, Inc.

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SPECIAL NOTE ON FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This report contains forward-looking statements.  These forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as “believe,” “will,” “would,” “should,” “may,” “estimate,” “continue,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “expect,” “predict,” “potential,” project,” “guidance,” “target,” “forecast” or comparable terms.

We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends affecting the financial condition of our business. Forward-looking statements should not be read as a guarantee of future performance or results, and will not necessarily be accurate indications of the times at, or by, which such performance or results will be achieved. Forward-looking statements are based on information available at the time those statements are made and/or management’s good faith belief as of that time with respect to future events, and are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual performance or results to differ materially from those expressed in or suggested by the forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors, as more fully described in Part II, Item 1A (Risk Factors) of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in the reports and documents filed from time to time by us with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).

Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. You should not put undue reliance on any forward-looking statements. We assume no obligation to update forward-looking statements to reflect actual results, changes in assumptions or changes in other factors affecting forward-looking information, except to the extent required by applicable laws. If we update one or more forward-looking statements, no inference should be drawn that we will make additional updates with respect to those or other forward-looking statements.

WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION

Shutterstock’s corporate website is located at www.shutterstock.com.  Shutterstock makes available free of charge, on our corporate website, our annual, quarterly and current reports, and any amendments to those reports, as soon as reasonably practicable after electronically filing such reports with, or furnishing to, the SEC. Information contained on Shutterstock’s corporate website is not part of this report or any other report filed with the SEC.

Prior to its initial public offering, Shutterstock operated as a New York limited liability company under the name Shutterstock Images LLC (the “LLC”). On October 5, 2012, Shutterstock reorganized by way of a merger of the LLC with and into Shutterstock, Inc., a newly-formed Delaware corporation, with Shutterstock, Inc. surviving in the merger. Since October 5, 2012, Shutterstock has operated as a Delaware corporation.

Unless the context otherwise indicates, references in this report to the terms “Shutterstock,” “the Company,” “we,” “our” and “us” refer to Shutterstock, Inc. and its subsidiaries including, for the period on and prior to October 5, 2012, Shutterstock Images LLC.

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PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.         Financial Statements

Shutterstock, Inc.

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In thousands, except per share data)

(unaudited)

See Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Shutterstock, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Operations

(In thousands, except for share and per share data)

(unaudited)

See Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Shutterstock, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(In thousands)

(unaudited)

See Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Shutterstock, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(1) Summary of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies

Summary of Operations

Shutterstock, Inc. (the “Company” or “Shutterstock”) operates an industry-leading global marketplace for commercial digital imagery. Commercial digital imagery consists of licensed photographs, illustrations and videos that companies use in their visual communications, such as websites, digital and print marketing materials, corporate communications, books, publications and video content. The Company licenses commercial digital imagery to its customers. Contributors upload their digital imagery to the Company’s website in exchange for a royalty payment based on customer download activity. The Company maintains its primary office location in New York City.

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements reflect the operations of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Unaudited Interim Financial Statements

The interim consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2013, the consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, and the consolidated statements of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 are unaudited. The unaudited interim financial statements have been prepared on a basis consistent with the annual financial statements and, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments, which include only normal recurring adjustments, necessary to state fairly the Company’s financial position as of September 30, 2013, its results of consolidated operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, and its results of consolidated cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012. The financial data and the other financial information disclosed in these notes to the financial statements related to these periods are also unaudited. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2013 or for any other future annual or interim period.

There have been no changes in the significant accounting policies from those that were disclosed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012 filed on March 1, 2013 with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). These financial statements should also be read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2012. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in the financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) have been omitted pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC. The consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2012 included herein was derived from the audited financial statements as of that date, but does not include all disclosures required by GAAP.

Reorganization

In May 2012, in connection with the filing of a registration statement for the Company’s initial public offering (the “IPO”), Shutterstock Images LLC, a New York limited liability company (the “LLC”) formed Shutterstock, Inc., a Delaware corporation, as a wholly-owned subsidiary of the LLC. On October 5, 2012, the LLC reorganized, by way of a merger of the LLC with and into Shutterstock, Inc. with Shutterstock, Inc. surviving in the merger (the “Reorganization”). In connection with this Reorganization, the preferred and common membership interests in the LLC, including any interests that vested upon the Reorganization, were exchanged for shares of Shutterstock, Inc. common stock and the outstanding value appreciation rights of the LLC were exchanged for options to purchase shares of common stock of Shutterstock, Inc.

Follow-On Offering

On September 25, 2013, the Company completed a follow-on offering of 5,290,000 shares of its common stock, which included 690,000 shares of common stock sold by the Company and certain stockholders as a result of the underwriters’ exercise of their option to purchase additional shares, at a price of $60.00 per share. The Company sold 1,150,000 shares of common stock in the offering and the selling stockholders sold 4,140,000 shares of common stock in the offering. The aggregate offering price for shares sold by the Company in the offering resulted in net proceeds to the Company of $65,895 after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions, and before deducting total expenses incurred in connection with the offering of approximately $945.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires the Company’s management to make a number of estimates and assumptions relating to the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the period. The Company evaluates its significant estimates on an ongoing basis, including, but not limited to allowance for doubtful accounts, goodwill, intangibles, non-cash equity-based compensation, income tax provision and for certain non-income tax accruals. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

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Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid securities with original maturities of three months or less when acquired to be cash equivalents. Cash primarily consists of balances in checking, savings and money market accounts. The account balances are recorded at cost, which approximates fair value because of the short-term nature of the accounts, and are considered a Level 1 measurement based on bank reporting.

Revenue Recognition

All revenue, net of chargebacks and refunds, is generated from the license of digital content through subscription or usage based plans. The Company’s four plans are: subscription plans, On Demand plans, Pay As You Go, and credit pack plans. The Company recognizes revenue when the following basic criteria are met: there is persuasive evidence of an arrangement, performance or delivery of services has occurred, the sales price is fixed or determinable, and collectability is reasonably assured. The Company considers persuasive evidence of an arrangement to be an electronic order form, or a signed contract, which contains the fixed pricing terms. Performance or delivery is considered to have occurred upon the ratable passage of time for subscription plans, the download of digital content or the expiration of a contract period for which there are unused downloads or credits. Collectability is reasonably assured since most of the Company’s customers purchase products by making electronic payments at the time of a transaction with a credit card. The Company establishes a chargeback allowance and sales refund reserve allowance based on factors surrounding historical credit card chargeback trends, historical sales refund trends and other information. As of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, the Company recorded a chargeback and sales refund allowances of $155 and $70, respectively, which is included in other liabilities. Collectability is assessed for customers who pay on credit based on a credit evaluation for new customers and transaction history with existing customers. Any cash received in advance of performance or delivery is recorded as deferred revenue.

Subscription plans range in length from thirty days to one year. Subscription plan revenues are recognized on a straight-line basis using a daily convention method over the plan term. On Demand plans are typically for a one-year term and permit the customer to download up to a fixed amount of digital content. On Demand revenues are recognized at the time the customer downloads the digital content on a per unit basis. Revenue related to unused digital content, if any, is recognized in full at the end of the plan term assuming no further Company obligation remains. Pay As You Go plans provide for individual image download. The Company recognizes Pay As You Go revenue as the customer downloads images. Credit pack plans are generally for a one-year term and enable the customer to purchase a fixed number of credits which can then be utilized to pay for downloaded digital content. The number of credits utilized for each download depends on the digital content size and format. Credit pack revenues are recognized based on customer usage on a per credit basis as digital content is downloaded. Revenue related to unused credits, if any, is recognized in full at the end of the plan term assuming no further Company obligation remains. Most plans automatically renew at the end of the plan term unless the customer elects not to renew. The Company recognizes revenue from its four types of plans on a gross basis in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 605-45, “Principal Agent Considerations,” as the Company is the primary obligor in the arrangement, has latitude in establishing the product’s price, performs a detailed review of the digital content before accepting it to its collection to ensure it is of high quality before it may be purchased by its customers, can reject contributor’s images in its sole discretion, and has credit risk.

Customers typically pay in advance (or upon commencement of the term) via credit card, wire or check. Fees paid or invoiced in advance are deferred and recognized as described above. Customers that do not pay in advance are invoiced and are required to make payment under standard credit terms. The Company does not generally offer refunds or the right of return to customers. There are situations in which a customer may receive a refund but the determination is made on a case-by-case basis.

The Company also licenses digital content to customers through third party resellers. The Company contracts with third party resellers around the world to access markets where the Company does not have a significant presence. Third party resellers sell the Company’s products directly to end-user customers and remit a fixed amount to the Company based on the type of plan sold. The terms of the reseller program indicate that the third party reseller is the primary obligor to the end-user customer and bears the risks and rewards as principal in the transaction. In assessing whether the Company’s revenue should be reported on a gross or net basis with respect to our reseller program, the Company follows the authoritative guidance in ASC 605-45, “Principle Agent Considerations.” The Company recognizes revenue net of reseller commission in accordance with the type of plan sold, consistent with the plan descriptions above. The Company generally does not offer refunds or the right of return to resellers.

Equity-Based Compensation

Between June 7, 2007 and October 5, 2012, the Company was organized as a limited liability company. Beginning in 2011, the Company granted equity rights similar to options under its Value Appreciation Rights Plan (“VAR Plan”) in the form of value appreciation rights (the “VAR Plan awards”). Each VAR Plan award had an exercise price, a vesting period and an expiration date, in addition to other terms and conditions similar to typical equity option grant terms and conditions. The VAR Plan awards were subject to a time-based vesting requirement and a condition that a change of control occur in order to trigger a payment with respect to the VAR Plan awards. In connection with the Reorganization, all of the VAR Plan awards were exchanged for options to purchase an aggregate of 1,661,719 shares of common stock of Shutterstock, Inc. with only a time-based vesting requirement, which were granted pursuant to the Company’s 2012 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan (the “2012 Plan”).

The Company measures and recognizes non-cash equity-based compensation expense for all equity-based payment awards based on estimated fair values at the date awards are granted. The value portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as expense over the requisite service period. For awards with a change of control condition, an evaluation is made at the grant date and future periods as to the likelihood of the condition being met. Compensation expense is adjusted in future periods for subsequent changes in the expected outcome of the change of control conditions until the vesting date. Forfeitures are estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates.

The Company uses the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to determine the fair value of stock options and other equity-based awards granted pursuant to the 2012 Plan, stock purchased pursuant to the Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“2012 ESPP”) and the VAR Plan awards, which are discussed further in Note 10, Equity-Based Compensation.

                The determination of the grant date fair value using an option-pricing model requires judgment as well as assumptions regarding a number of complex and subjective variables. These variables include the Company’s fair value of the common ownership interest pre-IPO, the Company’s closing market price at the grant date post-IPO, the expected unit price volatility over the expected term of the awards, awards’ exercise and cancellation behaviors, risk-free interest rates, and expected dividends, which are estimated as follows:

·                  Fair Value of Common Membership Unit. Prior to completion of the IPO, the Company’s fair value of common ownership interest was estimated internally and approved by the Board of Managers (“BOM”) because the Company was not publicly traded. The Company’s intention upon granting VAR Plan awards was for the granted award to have an exercisable price per unit that was not less than the per unit fair value of the Company’s common equity on the date of grant. The valuations of the Company’s common equity unit were prepared in accordance with the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants Statement on Standards for Valuation Services 1: Valuation of a Business, Business Ownership Interest, Security, or Intangible Asset. The assumptions used in the valuation model were based on future expectations combined with the Company’s judgment. In the absence of a public trading market, the Company exercised significant judgment and considered numerous objective and subjective factors to determine the fair value of the common equity unit as of the date of each VAR Plan award grant. Some, but not all of these factors included operating and financial performance, current business conditions and projections, the hiring of key personnel, the Company’s history and introduction of new functionality and services, the Company’s stage of development, the likelihood of achieving a liquidity event for the common ownership interests, any adjustment necessary to recognize a lack of marketability for our common ownership interests, the market performance of comparable publicly traded companies, and U.S. and global capital market conditions. The Company also obtained independent third party valuations on a periodic basis. After October 11, 2012, the date the Company’s common stock began trading on the NYSE, the grant date fair value for equity-based awards is based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the NYSE on the date of grant and fair value for all other purposes related to equity-based awards shall be the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the NYSE on the relevant date.

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·                  Expected Term. The expected term was estimated using the simplified method allowed under SEC guidance.

·                  Volatility. As the Company did not have a trading history for its common ownership interest pre-IPO and does not have a significant trading history for its common stock post-IPO, the expected price volatility for the common ownership interests and common stock was estimated by taking the average historic price volatility for industry peers based on daily price observations over a period equivalent to the expected term of the VAR Plan awards and stock options granted post-IPO. Industry peers consist of several public companies similar in size, stage of life cycle and financial leverage. The Company did not rely on implied volatilities of traded options in the industry peers’ common stock because the volume of activity was relatively low. The Company intends to continue to consistently apply this process using the same or similar public companies until a sufficient amount of historical information regarding the volatility of the Company’s own common stock becomes available, or unless circumstances change such that the identified companies are no longer similar to the Company, in which case, more suitable companies whose share prices are publicly available would be utilized in the calculation.

·                  Risk-free Interest Rate. The risk-free interest rate is based on the yields of U.S. Treasury securities with maturities similar to the expected term of each award group.

·                  Dividend Yield. The Company has historically paid cash dividends or distributions to its members. Post-IPO, the Company does not intend to pay cash dividends or distributions in the foreseeable future. As a result, the Company uses an expected dividend yield of zero.

If any of the assumptions used in the Black-Scholes model changes significantly, the fair value for future awards may differ materially compared with the awards granted previously. The awards granted pursuant to the 2012 Plan, the 2012 ESPP and VAR Plan are subject to a time-based vesting requirement. The majority of stock option awards granted under the 2012 Plan vest over four years. The 2012 ESPP provides for purchase periods approximately every six months and a participant must be employed on the purchase date to participate in the 2012 ESPP. The VAR Plan awards had a condition that a change of control (as defined in the VAR Plan) must occur for a payment to trigger with respect to the VAR Plan awards. In connection with the Company’s Reorganization, all of the VAR Plan awards were exchanged for options to purchase shares of common stock of Shutterstock, Inc. which do not include a change of control condition. As of September 30, 2012, no equity-based compensation expense related to the VAR Plan awards had been recognized because the qualifying event had not occurred. As a result of the completion of the IPO, the Company began recording share-based compensation expense using the accelerated attribution method, net of forfeitures, based on the grant date fair value of the VAR Plan awards that were exchanged for options to purchase shares of common stock of Shutterstock, Inc. as part of the Company’s Reorganization.

For any equity-based awards that qualified for liability classification pre-IPO, the Company elected to use the intrinsic value method to value the common membership interest in accordance with authoritative guidance on stock compensation. See Note 10, Equity-Based Compensation, for further information.

Income Taxes

The Company filed its income tax returns as a limited liability company and was taxed as a “pass through” partnership for federal and state income tax purposes for all periods prior to its Reorganization on October 5, 2012. For all periods prior to the Reorganization, the Company recognized no federal and state income taxes, as the members of the LLC, and not the Company itself, were subject to income tax on their allocated share of the Company’s earnings. However, the Company was subject to taxation on allocable portions of its net income or other taxes based on various methodologies employed by taxing authorities in certain localities. The Company generally made monthly dividend distributions to its members under the terms of the LLC’s operating agreement, subject to the Company’s operating cash needs.

Effective with the Reorganization, the Company became a Delaware corporation, and therefore became subject to federal and state tax expense after October 5, 2012. As a result of this tax status change, the Company recorded an incremental net deferred tax asset and a one-time non-cash tax benefit of approximately $28,811 in the fourth quarter of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012.

The Company filed tax returns as a partnership for the period from January 1, 2012 through October 5, 2012 and filed tax returns as a corporation for the period from October 6, 2012 through December 31, 2012 and will continue to do so for all periods thereafter. Significant management judgment is required in projecting ordinary income in order to determine the Company’s estimated effective tax rate.

The Company accounts for unrecognized tax benefits using a more-likely-than-not threshold for financial statement recognition and measurement of tax positions, taken or expected to be taken, in a tax return. The Company establishes reserves for tax-related uncertainties based on estimates of whether, and the extent to which, additional taxes may be due. The Company records an income tax liability, if any, for the difference between the benefit recognized and measured and the tax position taken or expected to be taken on the Company’s tax returns. To the extent that the assessment of such tax positions changes, the change in estimate is recorded in the period in which the determination is made. The reserves, if any, are adjusted in light of changing facts and circumstances, such as the outcome of a tax audit or lapses in statutes of limitations. Any reserve for uncertain tax positions is included in the income tax provision. Penalties and interest, if any, on uncertain tax positions are included in income tax expense.

The Company assessed the realizability of deferred tax assets and determined that based on the available evidence, including a history of taxable income and estimates of future taxable income, it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will be realized. The Company will continue to evaluate its ability to realize deferred tax assets on a quarterly basis. Significant management judgment is required in determining the provision for income taxes and deferred tax assets and liabilities. In the event that actual results differ from these estimates, the Company will adjust these estimates in future periods which may result in a change in the effective tax rate in a future period.

The Company is subject to certain compliance requirements for non-income taxes, including but not limited to payroll, value-added and sales-based taxes. Where appropriate, the Company has made accruals for these matters, which are reflected in the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

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Net Income Per Share

Basic net income per share is computed by dividing the net income attributable to common stockholders/members by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. The Company applies the two-class method for calculating and presenting income per share. Under the two-class method, net income is allocated between shares of common stock and other participating securities based on their contractual participating rights to share in the earnings as if all of the earnings for the period have been distributed. Participating securities are defined as securities that participate in dividends with common stock according to a pre-determined formula or a contractual obligation to share in the income of the entity. Any potential issuance of common shares, including those that are contingent and do not participate in dividends, are excluded from weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Undistributed net income (loss) for a given period is apportioned to participating members based on the weighted average number of each class of securities outstanding during the applicable period as a percentage of the combined weighted average number of these securities outstanding during the period. Income available to common stockholders/members is computed by deducting dividends paid to preferred members, accretion to redemption value on preferred members shares, less income allocated to participating securities including unvested shares for the restricted award holder since these unvested shares have participating rights. See Note 10, Equity-Based Compensation, for further discussion.

Diluted net income per share is computed by dividing the net income available to common stockholders/members adjusted for any changes in income that would result from the assumed conversion of the potential common shares by the weighted average common shares outstanding and all potential common shares, if they are dilutive. For all periods presented, diluted net income available to common stockholders/members includes the effect of 1,589,748 options to purchase common stock while 376,550 options to purchase common stock were excluded since they were anti-dilutive. The Company had no assumed shares available to purchase for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2012.

A reconciliation of assumed exercised shares used in calculating basic and diluted net income (loss) per share available to common stockholders/members follows:

Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Comprehensive income (loss) includes certain changes in stockholders’ equity that are excluded from net income (loss) such as cumulative foreign currency translation adjustments and unrealized gains or losses on marketable securities. The Company’s net income equals comprehensive income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012.

Recently Issued Accounting Standard Updates

None of the recently issued accounting standard updates is expected to have a material impact.

(2) Information About Revenue By Geographic Area

The following represents our revenue based on customer location:

Included in North America is the United States which comprises 32% and 31% of total revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively, and 32% of total revenue for each of the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012. No other country accounts for more than 10% of the Company’s revenue in any period. All long-lived assets are located in the United States.

(3) Goodwill and Intangible Assets

The Company’s goodwill balance is attributable to its Bigstockphoto, Inc. (“Bigstock”) reporting unit and is tested for impairment at least annually as of  October 1 or upon a triggering event. There have been no changes in the carrying amount of goodwill through September 30, 2013.

Intangible assets consist of the following as of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012:

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Amortization expense was $57 and $63 for the three months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively, and $169 and $187 for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively. The Company also determined that there was no indication of impairment for the intangible assets for all periods presented. Estimated amortization expense for the next five years is: $20 for the remaining three months of 2013, $78 in 2014, $78 in 2015, $78 in 2016, $78 in 2017 and $539 thereafter.

(4) Property and Equipment

Property and equipment is summarized as follows:

Depreciation expense amounted to $956 and $665 for the three months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively, and $2,569 and $1,701 for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Depreciation expense is included in cost of revenue and general and administrative expense based on the nature of the asset.

(5) Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses consisted of the following:

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(6) Income Taxes

The Company’s effective tax rates for the three month periods ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 are 37.6% and 1.6%, respectively. The Company’s effective tax rates for the nine month periods ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 are 39.7 % and 2.0%, respectively. The Company incurred a discrete tax expense relating to a change in its state apportionment percentage during the nine months ended September 30, 2013, which increased the effective tax rate by 0.1%. Excluding this discrete expense, the effective rate would be 39.6%. The Company has computed the provision for income taxes based on the estimated annual effective tax rates and the application of discrete items, if any, in the period applicable. Effective with the Reorganization on October 5, 2012, the Company became a Delaware corporation, and therefore became subject to federal and state tax expense. For all periods prior to the Reorganization, the Company filed its income tax returns as a limited liability company and was taxed as a “pass through” partnership for federal and state income tax purposes and recognized no federal and state income taxes, as the members of the LLC, and not the Company itself, were subject to income tax on their allocated share of the Company’s earnings. The effective tax rate differs from the statutory tax rate due primarily to non-deductible expense related to non-cash equity-based compensation, and meals and entertainment.

During the three months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, the Company recorded an unrecognized tax benefit in the amount of $2 and $0, respectively, and during the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, the Company recorded an unrecognized tax benefit in the amount of $986 and $18, respectively, for uncertain tax positions taken for current and prior years. To the extent these unrecognized tax benefits are ultimately recognized, the Company’s effective tax rate may be impacted in future periods.

The Company recognizes interest expense and tax penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company accrued interest and penalties in the amount of $2 and $13 related to unrecognized tax benefits for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013. The Company did not accrue any interest or penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2012.

The Company filed Form 3115, Application for Change in Method of Accounting, with the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) during the third quarter period ended 2013, to change its tax accounting method for revenue from a cash basis to accrual basis for years beginning after December 31, 2012. As a result, the Company will defer revenue on its 2013 and subsequent tax returns until performance or delivery thereby reducing taxable income. The Company will eventually pay taxes with respect to the deferred revenue when the related revenue is performed or delivered in the future. While the change did not impact the net income tax expense, it resulted in a reclassification of approximately $17,300 between current deferred tax assets and prepaid and other current assets in the current quarter.

(7) Term Loan Facility

On September 21, 2012, the Company entered into a Loan and Security Agreement with Silicon Valley Bank providing for a $12,000 term loan facility, which the Company refers to as the term loan facility. On December 24, 2012, the Company paid down $6,000 of the term loan facility. On March 25, 2013, the Company paid off the remaining $6,000 of the loan facility. At September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, the Company recorded accrued interest in the amount of $0 and $3, respectively, which is included in accrued expenses.

The Company capitalizes costs directly associated with acquiring third party financing. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, the Company accelerated and recognized $0 and $125 as a result of paying off the term loan facility. As of December 31, 2012, deferred financing costs, net of accumulated amortization were $125.

The Company was in compliance with the financial covenants and other covenants applicable to it under the term loan facility prior to paying off the term loan facility on March 25, 2013.

(8) Commitments and Contingencies

The Company leases facilities under agreements accounted for as operating leases. Rental expense, inclusive of operating leases, for the three months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 was $801 and $430, respectively, and for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 was $1,830 and $1,151, respectively. Some leases have defined escalating rent provisions, which are expensed over the term of the related lease on a straight-line basis commencing with the date of possession. Any rent allowance or abatement is netted in this calculation. All leases require payment of real estate taxes and operating expense.

On March 21, 2013, the Company entered into an operating lease agreement to lease new office facilities in New York, New York. The Company took possession of the premises during the third quarter of 2013 and as a result the lease commenced. The Company recorded an expense related to the new office facilities which is included in the rental expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013. The Company also entered into a letter of credit in the amount of $1,829 as a security deposit for the leased facilities. The letter of credit was collateralized by $1,829 of cash as of September 30, 2013, and as such, is reported as restricted cash on the consolidated balance sheet. The lease term is eleven years from the commencement date and aggregate future minimum lease payments are approximately $42,200.

Capital Expenditures

For the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, the Company spent approximately $3,429 and $2,505, respectively, for servers and related hardware to accommodate increased business volume. The additions are included in “Assets—Property and equipment, net” on the balance sheet. As of September 30, 2013, the Company had no significant committed purchases related to data server equipment.

Unconditional Purchase Obligations

As of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, the Company had unconditional purchase obligations in the amount of $4,185 and $3,409, which consisted primarily of contracts related to infrastructure services and contractual commitments for marketing services.

As of September 30, 2013, the Company’s unconditional purchase obligations for the remainder of 2013 and for the years ending December 31, 2014 and 2015 are $907, $2,445 and $833, respectively. As of December 31, 2012, the Company’s unconditional purchase obligations for the years ending December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015 are $2,274, $943 and $192, respectively.

Legal Matters

From time to time, the Company may become party to litigation in the ordinary course of business. The Company assesses the likelihood of any adverse judgments or outcomes with respect to these matters and determines loss contingency assessments on a gross basis after assessing the probability of incurrence of a loss and whether a loss is reasonably estimable. In addition, the Company considers other relevant factors that could impact its ability to reasonably estimate a loss. A determination of the amount of reserves required, if any, for these contingencies is made after analyzing each matter. The Company’s reserves may change in the future due to new developments or changes in strategy in handling these matters. Although the results of litigation and threats of litigation, investigations and claims cannot be predicted with certainty, the Company currently believes that the final outcome of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on its business, consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. Regardless of the outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on the Company because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources and other factors. The Company currently has no material active litigation matters and, as such, no material reserves related to litigation. In addition, the Company receives, from time to time, inquiries related to potential intellectual property infringement matters. To date, the outcome of these inquiries has not had a material impact on the Company’s operations or financial results.

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Indemnifications

In the ordinary course of business, the Company enters into contractual arrangements under which it agrees to provide indemnification of varying scope and terms to customers with respect to certain matters, including, but not limited to, losses arising out of the breach of the Company’s intellectual property warranties for damages to the customer directly attributable to the Company’s breach. The Company is not responsible for any damages, costs, or losses to the extent such damages, costs or losses arise as a result of the modifications made by the customer or the context in which an image is used. The standard maximum aggregate obligation and liability to any one customer for all claims is limited to $10. The Company offers certain of its customers greater levels of indemnification, including, in some cases, unlimited indemnification. As of September 30, 2013 and as of December 31, 2012, the Company has recorded no liabilities related to indemnification obligations in accordance with the authoritative guidance for loss contingencies. Additionally, the Company believes that it has the appropriate insurance coverage in place to adequately cover such indemnification obligations, if necessary.

Employment Agreements

The Company has entered into employment and change of control arrangements with certain executive officers and with certain employees. The agreements specify various employment-related matters, including annual compensation, performance incentive bonuses, and severance benefits in the event of termination with or without cause.

(9) Employee Benefit Plans

The Company has a 401(k) defined contribution plan (“401(k) Plan”) and provides for annual discretionary employer matching contributions not to exceed 3% of employees’ compensation per year. Matching contributions also are fully vested and non-forfeitable at all times.

The Company recorded employer matching contributions of $186 and $129 for the three months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively, and $503 and $398 for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively.

(10) Equity-Based Compensation

Between June 7, 2007 and October 5, 2012, the Company was organized as a limited liability company. Beginning in 2011, the Company granted equity rights similar to options under its VAR Plan in the form of value appreciation rights. Each VAR Plan award had an exercise price, a vesting period and an expiration date, in addition to other terms and conditions similar to typical equity option grant terms and conditions. For the convenience of communicating the issuance of VAR Plan awards to employees, the BOM designated a total of 3,000,000 notional units for the VAR Plan to represent 10% of the Company’s overall equity. The VAR Plan awards were subject to a time-based vesting requirement and a condition that a change of control occur for a payment to trigger with respect to the VAR Plan awards. Payment could occur in the form of cash, units or other securities at the discretion of the BOM and was equal to the appreciation in value over the participant’s grant date price. The determination of the type of payment was subject to the discretion of the Company and not the holder. Additionally, the Company has never settled any VAR units with cash. As a result, the VAR units were accounted for as equity awards. Given the change-of-control condition, there was no equity-based compensation charge recorded for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2012. In connection with the Reorganization, all of the VAR Plan awards were exchanged for options to purchase an aggregate of 1,661,719 shares of common stock of Shutterstock, Inc. with only a time-based vesting requirement, which were granted pursuant to the Company’s 2012 Plan.

The Company’s VAR Plan awards were made in the form of notional units and were exchanged for options to purchase shares of common stock of Shutterstock, Inc. at the time of the Reorganization. Since the Reorganization, equity grants have been in the form of options to purchase common stock of Shutterstock, Inc. The following table represents a summary of the Company’s stock option activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2013:

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The intrinsic value of the total stock options outstanding at September 30, 2013 and at December 31, 2012 was approximately $89,600 and $16,700, respectively. The intrinsic value of the total stock options vested and exercisable at September 30, 2013 and at December 31, 2012 was approximately $29,300 and $4,300, respectively. No stock options expired during the nine months ended September 30, 2013 or the year ended December 31, 2012.

The following weighted average assumptions were used in the fair value calculation for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012:

The Company recognized non-cash equity-based compensation expense of $1,425 and $3,169, net of forfeitures, in connection with the vesting of stock options during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013. There was no non-cash equity-based compensation in connection with the 2012 Plan for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2012. As of September 30, 2013, the total unrecognized compensation charge related to 2012 Plan non-vested options is approximately $15,200, which is expected to be recognized through fiscal year 2017.

On August 17, 2010, the Company entered into a Profits Interest Agreement with an executive whereby the Company issued a membership interest in the Company in consideration of future services to be rendered. The profits interest grant was to vest over a six year period. Upon consummation of the Reorganization, the vested portion of the profits interest was exchanged for shares of common stock of Shutterstock, Inc. and the liability relating to the vested portion of the profits interest, in the amount of $5,147, was re-classed to equity. The unvested portion of the profits interest was exchanged for shares of restricted stock having the same vesting terms as the profits interest.

On June 3, 2013, the Company issued 10,000 restricted stock units pursuant to the 2012 Plan. The restricted stock units vest 25% on the first anniversary of the relevant vesting commencement date and the remaining 75% vest quarterly over three years thereafter. The restricted stock units are accounted for as equity awards and expensed based on the fair value on the date of grant over the four year vesting period.

The Company recognized non-cash equity-based compensation expense of $289 and $825 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, respectively, related to the vesting of restricted stock/restricted stock units and recognized non-cash equity-based compensation expense of $670 and $2,827, respectively, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2012 related to the profits interest award.

As of September 30, 2013, the total unrecognized compensation charge related to the restricted stock/restricted stock units is approximately $3,000, which is expected to be recognized through fiscal year 2017.

On October 10, 2012, the Company’s 2012 ESPP became effective. The Company recognized non-cash equity-based compensation expense of $138 and $428, net of estimated forfeitures, in connection with the 2012 ESPP for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, respectively. There was no non-cash equity-based compensation in connection with the 2012 ESPP for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2012. As of September 30, 2013, 73,717 shares have been issued under the 2012 ESPP.

The following table summarizes non-cash equity-based compensation expense included in the Company’s statement of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012:

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(11) Distributions to Members

Prior to the Reorganization and in accordance with the Company’s Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement, as amended, the LLC made cash distributions to the members based on their respective percentage interest to the extent cash was available as determined by the board. During the nine months ended September 30, 2012, the LLC made $24,200 in cash distributions to the preferred and common members. There have been no distributions made since the Reorganization on October 5, 2012.

(12) Related Parties

In connection with the follow-on offering in September 2013, Pixel Holdings Inc. (“Pixel Holdings”), an entity of which Jonathan Oringer, the Company’s Founder, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board, was the sole stockholder, merged with and into the Company on September 18, 2013. In this merger, Mr. Oringer received an equivalent number of shares of common stock of the Company as the number that was previously owned by Pixel Holdings such that, following the merger, Mr. Oringer owns his interest in the Company directly rather than through Pixel Holdings. As a result of the merger, the Company assumed $208 in liabilities primarily related to Pixel Holdings’ normal operating activities. The Company paid these liabilities during the third quarter of 2013 and was fully indemnified by Mr. Oringer, as provided for in the merger agreement, as of September 30, 2013. The merger agreement also provided for certain customary representations and warranties.

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Item 2:                          Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Safe Harbor Cautionary Statement

The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read together with our interim unaudited consolidated financial statements contained elsewhere in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q and with information contained in our other filings, including the audited consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012.

This discussion may contain forward-looking statements based upon current expectations that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those set forth under “Risk Factors” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in other parts of this report.

Overview

We operate an industry-leading global marketplace for commercial digital imagery. Commercial digital imagery consists of licensed photographs, illustrations and videos that companies use in their visual communications, such as websites, digital and print marketing materials, corporate communications, books, publications and video content. Demand for commercial digital imagery comes primarily from businesses, marketing agencies and media organizations.

Our global online marketplace brings together users of commercial digital imagery with image creators from around the world. More than 750,000 active, paying users contributed to revenue in 2012. We have historically benefitted from a high degree of revenue retention from both subscription-based and On Demand customers. For example, in 2012, 2011 and 2010, we experienced year-to-year revenue retention of 100%, 102%, and 96%, respectively. This means that customers that contributed to revenue in 2011 contributed, in the aggregate, 100% as much revenue in 2012 as they did in 2011. More than 40,000 approved contributors make their images available in our collection, which has grown to more than 29 million images as of September 30, 2013. This makes our collection one of the largest of its kind and, in the twelve months ended December 31, 2012, we delivered more than 76 million paid downloads (including both commercial and editorial images) to our customers. We believe that we delivered the highest volume of commercial image downloads in this period of any single brand in our industry.

·                  During the first nine months of 2013, we launched 10 new languages—Czech, Danish, Finnish, Hungarian, Korean, Norwegian, Polish, Swedish, Turkish and Thai—bringing the total number of languages we support to 20.

·                  In March 2013, we launched a new image discovery tool called Spectrum. The prototype, which is part of our Labs development program for exploratory tools and products, indexes hexagram data to yield search results by color. Designed and built entirely in-house, Spectrum offers an extraordinary experience for designers looking for ideas and inspiration.

·                  In March 2013, we announced the launch of Offset, a new brand featuring a collection of remarkable imagery from top photographers and illustrators around the world. Offset features the works from established and respected collections including National Geographic and Huber Images. With Offset, creative image buyers can license authentic, sophisticated imagery with a straightforward purchase process. Pricing is simple and transparent, and visible alongside each image and currently ranges between $250 and $500 depending on the size of the file. In September 2013, we announced the expansion of Offset to the public.

·                  In April 2013, we surpassed contributor payouts of $150 million since our founding in 2003, illustrating our dynamic global marketplace and ability to connect artists to image buyers around the world.

·                  In April 2013, we reached 25 million images in our collection, and our users had made more than 300 million paid image downloads from our content collection since our founding in 2003.

·                  In May 2013, we announced the launch of a new tool called Keyword Suggestions. This tool suggests keywords based on similar images within the collection and reduces the time contributors need to spend creating keywords which are tagged to images.

·                  In May 2013, we surpassed one million licensable video clips in our collection of royalty-free stock footage.

·                  In June 2013, we announced a new online marketplace called Skillfeed. The platform provides online training for digital professionals by offering a diverse collection of credible, curated video courses through a simple, affordable subscription plan. We obtain content from knowledgeable instructors from around the world, specializing in topics as diversed as graphic design, video and photo editing, Microsoft Excel and web development.

·                  In July 2013, we celebrated the 10th anniversary of our founding and also launched Shutterstock Stories, which highlights the unique life stories of Shutterstock contributors and awarded $75,000 through creative grants to winning contributors.

·                  In August 2013, we announced a collaboration with Facebook to offer more than one million active advertisers seamless access to millions of high-quality photographs and illustrations. Businesses will be able to search and choose from millions of Shutterstock images directly within Facebook’s ad creation tool, and use those images in any ad created using the tool, including News Feed, Mobile and Desktop units.

·                  In September 2013, we announced a partnership with CreativeMornings that will help the popular learning series expand into new cities with inspirational events for design creatives around the world. We will serve as the Official Partner for Visual Inspiration for CreativeMornings, which hosts free monthly events for artists in dozens of cities worldwide.

        ·                  In September 2013, we announced the addition of thousands of high-quality videos from expert filmmakers Robb Crocker (Uberstock), Daniel Hurst (VIA Films), Luke Miller (Pathos Media) and David Baumber (Multifocus) to our fast-growing video library. The world-renowned filmmakers are offering their unique collections of royalty-free High-Definition footage in our library for the first time.

·                  In September 2013, we announced the completion of a follow-on offering of 5,290,000 shares of our common stock, which included 690,000 shares of common stock sold by us and certain stockholders of Shutterstock upon the underwriters’ exercise of their option to purchase additional shares, at a price of $60.00 per share. We sold 1,150,000 shares of common stock in the offering and the selling stockholders sold 4,140,000 shares of common stock in the offering.

·                  In October 2013, we announced that we had reached 30 million images in our collection, and have sold over 350 million licenses since our founding in 2003. Our library is one of the largest of its kind, adding 20,000 high-quality photos, illustrations and vectors every day.

As an online marketplace, we generate revenue by licensing images to users and we pay royalties to contributors for each of their images that is downloaded. Approximately half of our revenue and the vast majority of our downloads come from subscription-based users. These customers can download and use a large number of images in their creative process without concern for the incremental cost of each image download. For

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users who need fewer images, we offer simple, affordable, On Demand purchase option pricing, which is presented as a flat rate across all images and sizes.

Each time an image or video is downloaded, we record a royalty expense for the amount due to the associated contributor. Royalties are calculated using either a fixed dollar amount or a fixed percentage of revenue as described on our websites. Royalties are typically paid to contributors on a monthly basis subject to certain payout minimums. Royalties represent the largest component of our operating expenses and tend to increase proportionally with revenue.

Our cost of revenue is substantially similar as a percentage of revenue for our On Demand and subscription-based purchase options. While contributors generally earn a fixed amount per download for some of our plans, we have set the per-download amount paid to our contributors for each of our purchase options so that contributors earn more per download from plans where we collect higher revenue per download. In other words, we strive to deliver a similar percentage of revenue to contributors regardless of which purchase option a customer chooses. Cost of revenue for our On Demand purchase options has been slightly lower than that of our subscription-based options; however, this difference has historically represented less than 5% of revenue. As a result, we expect that any shifts in the relative popularity of these two purchase options will not substantially impact our cost of revenue.

We manage customer acquisition costs based on the expected blended customer lifetime value across our purchase options so we are able to manage our marketing expenses to achieve certain desired growth targets. As a result, we do not believe that shifts in the mix between On Demand or subscription-based purchase options will materially impact our operating margins. In addition, the repeat revenue characteristics of customers whose first purchase was a subscription-based purchase option are substantially similar to those whose first purchase was an On Demand purchase option.

An important driver of our growth is customer acquisition, which we achieve primarily through online marketing efforts including paid search, organic search, online display advertising, email marketing, affiliate marketing, social media and strategic partnerships. Over the past number of years, we increased our investments in marketing as a percentage of revenue. Since we believe the market for commercial digital imagery is at an early stage, we plan to continue to invest aggressively in customer acquisition to achieve revenue and market share growth. We believe that another important driver of growth is the quality of the user experience we provide on our websites, especially the efficiency with which our search interfaces and algorithms help customers find the images that they need, the degree to which we make use of the large quantity of data we collect about images and search patterns, and the degree to which our websites have been localized for international audiences. To this end, we have also invested aggressively in product development and we plan to continue to invest in this area. Finally, the quality and quantity of content that we make available in our collection is another key driver of our growth. The number of approved and licensable images in the Shutterstock collection was over 29 million images as of September 30, 2013 and growing, making it one of the largest libraries of its kind.

Corporate History

From June 7, 2007 through October 5, 2012, we operated as a New York limited liability company (the “LLC”). In May 2012, in connection with the filing of a registration statement for our initial public offering (the “IPO”), we formed Shutterstock, Inc., a Delaware corporation, as a wholly-owned subsidiary of the LLC. On October 5, 2012, the Company reorganized by way of a merger of the LLC with and into Shutterstock, Inc., with Shutterstock, Inc. surviving in the merger (the “Reorganization”).

On October 16, 2012, we completed our IPO of 5,175,000 shares of common stock, including 675,000 shares sold as a result of the underwriters’ exercise of their overallotment option, at a price of $17.00 per share. The IPO resulted in net proceeds to the Company of approximately $81.8 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions, and before deducting total expenses in connection with the offering of $4.9 million.

On September 25, 2013, we completed a follow-on offering of 5,290,000 shares of common stock, which included 690,000 shares of common stock sold by us and certain stockholders as a result of the underwriters’ exercise of their option to purchase additional shares, at a price of $60.00 per share. We sold 1,150,000 shares of common stock in the offering and the selling stockholders sold 4,140,000 shares of common stock in the offering. The aggregate offering price for shares sold by us in the offering resulted in net proceeds to us of $65.9 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions, and before deducting total expenses incurred in connection with the offering of approximately $0.9 million.

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Key Business Metrics

In addition to key financial metrics, we regularly review a number of key operating metrics to evaluate our business, determine the allocation of resources and make decisions regarding business strategies. We believe that these metrics are useful for understanding the underlying trends in our business. The following table summarizes our key operating metrics, which are unaudited, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012:

Paid Downloads

Measuring the number of paid downloads that our customers license in any given period is important because our revenue and contributor royalties are driven by paid download activity. For customers that choose our On Demand purchase options, each incremental download results in incremental revenue. For customers that choose our subscription purchase options, we do not recognize revenue from each download, but we believe that download activity is an important measure of the value that a customer is getting from a subscription and the likelihood that they will renew. We define paid downloads as the number of downloads that our customers make in a given period of our photographs, vectors, illustrations or video clips, excluding re-downloads of images that a customer previously downloaded (which do not generate contributor royalty expense) and downloads of our free image of the week (which we make available as a means of acquiring new customers and attracting existing customers to return to our websites more frequently).

Revenue per Download

We define revenue per download as the amount of revenue recognized in a given period divided by the number of paid downloads in that period. This metric captures both changes in our pricing, if any, as well as the mix of purchase options that our customers choose, some of which generate more revenue per download than others. For example, when a customer pays $49.00 for five On Demand images, we earn more revenue per download ($9.80) than when a customer purchases a one-month subscription for $249.00 and downloads 100 images during the month ($2.49 per download). Over the last three years, revenue from each of our purchase options has grown; however, our fastest growing purchase options have been those that generate more revenue per download, most notably our On Demand purchase options. Due to this change in product mix, our revenue per download has increased over the last three years.

Images in our Collection

We define images in our collection as the total number of photographs, vectors and illustrations available to customers on our websites at any point in time. We report this metric as of the end of a given period. We believe that offering a large selection of images allows us to acquire and retain customers and, therefore, we believe that broadening our selection of high-quality images is an important driver of our revenue growth.

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Key Components of Our Results of Operations

Revenue

We generate revenue by licensing commercial digital imagery. The significant majority of our revenue is generated via either subscription or On Demand purchase options. We generate subscription revenue through the sale of subscriptions varying in length from 30 days to 1 year. Our most popular subscription offering currently allows up to 25 image downloads per day for a flat monthly fee. In substantially all cases, we receive the full amount of the subscription payment by credit card at the time of sale; however, subscription revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the subscription period. We generate On Demand revenue through the sale of fixed packages of downloads varying in quantity from 1 image to 60 images. We also generate On Demand revenue through Bigstock via the sale of both credits plans (which enable a customer to purchase a fixed number of credits which can then be utilized to download images anytime within one year) and Pay As You Go pricing (which provides for simple cash pricing of individual images). We recently introduced a subscription option for Bigstock varying in length from 30 days to 1 year offering up to 50 image downloads per day for a flat fee. We typically receive the full amount of the purchase at the time of sale; however, revenue is recognized as images are downloaded or when the right to download images expires (typically 365 days after purchase). We also provide a number of other purchase options. These purchase options include custom accounts (for customers that need multi-seat access, invoicing, higher or unlimited indemnification or a higher volume of images) and video footage (which are sold both individually and in fixed packages). We typically receive the full amount of the purchase at the time of sale; however, revenue is recognized as images or videos are downloaded or when the right to download expires, typically 365 days after purchase. Some of our larger custom accounts are invoiced at or after the time of sale and pay us on credit terms.

Our deferred revenue consists of paid but unrecognized subscription revenue, On Demand revenue, and other revenue. Deferred revenue is recognized as revenue when images or videos are downloaded (On Demand), through the passage of time (subscriptions) or when credits or the right to download images or videos expire, and when all other revenue recognition criteria have been met.

Costs and Expenses

Cost of Revenue.     Cost of revenue consists of royalties paid to contributors, credit card processing fees, image and video review costs, customer service expenses, the infrastructure costs related to maintaining our websites and associated employee compensation and non-cash equity-based compensation, facility costs and other supporting overhead costs. We expect that our cost of revenue will increase in absolute dollars in the foreseeable future as our revenue grows.

Sales and Marketing.     Sales and marketing expenses include third-party marketing, advertising, branding, public relations and sales expenses. Sales and marketing expenses also include associated employee compensation and non-cash equity-based compensation, commissions and benefits as well as facility and other supporting overhead costs. We expect sales and marketing expenses to increase in absolute dollars in the foreseeable future as we continue to invest in new customer acquisition.

Product Development.     Product development expenses consist of personnel expenses, including employee compensation, non-cash equity-based compensation, benefits and bonuses for salaried employees and contractors engaged in product management, design, development and testing of our websites and products. Product development costs also include facility and other supporting overhead costs. We typically expense product development expenses as incurred. We expect product development expenses to increase in absolute dollars in the foreseeable future as we continue to invest in developing new products and enhancing the functionality of our existing products.

General and Administrative.     General and administrative expenses include employee salaries and non-cash equity-based compensation and benefits for executive, finance, business development, accounting, legal, human resources, internal information technology, business intelligence and other administrative personnel. In addition, general and administrative expenses include outside legal and accounting services, facilities costs, insurance and other supporting overhead costs. We expect to incur incremental general and administrative expenses to support our growth and to support operating as a public company.

Provision for Income Taxes.  Historically, we filed our income tax return as a “pass through” New York limited liability company for federal and state income tax purposes and were subject to taxation on allocable portions of our net income and other taxes based on various methodologies employed by taxing authorities in certain localities. As a limited liability company, we recognized no federal and state income taxes, as the members of the LLC, and not the entity itself, were subject to income tax on their allocated share of our earnings. On October 5, 2012, we reorganized from a limited liability company to a Delaware corporation. Consequently, our operating income tax rate has increased significantly as we are now subject to federal, state and city income tax at the Company level.

As we continue to expand our operations outside of the United States, we may become subject to taxation in non-US jurisdictions and our effective tax rate could fluctuate accordingly.

Our U.S. GAAP income taxes are computed using the asset and liability method, under which deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted statutory income tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce net deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.

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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

We prepare our consolidated financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, or GAAP. The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires our management to make a number of estimates and assumptions relating to the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the period. We evaluate our significant estimates on an ongoing basis, including, but not limited to, estimates related to allowance for doubtful accounts, goodwill, intangibles, non-cash equity-based compensation, income tax provisions and certain non-income tax accruals. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

We believe that the assumptions and estimates associated with our revenue recognition, allowance for doubtful accounts, non-cash equity-based compensation, accounting for income taxes, goodwill and intangible assets have the greatest potential impact on our financial statements. Therefore, we consider these to be our critical accounting policies and estimates.

A description of our critical accounting policies that involve significant management judgments appears in our prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 20, 2013 under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates.” There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates as compared to our critical accounting policies and estimates filed in our prospectus.

Emerging Growth Company

Section 107 of the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, or the JOBS Act, provides that an “emerging growth company” can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, for complying with new or revised accounting standards. However, we have chosen to opt out of any extended transition period, and as a result we will comply with new or revised accounting standards on the relevant dates on which adoption of such standards is required for non-emerging growth companies. Section 107 of the JOBS Act provides that our decision to opt out of the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards is irrevocable.

We are in the process of evaluating the benefits of relying on other reduced reporting requirements provided by the JOBS Act.  Subject to certain conditions set forth in the JOBS Act, if, as an “emerging growth company”, we choose to rely on such exemptions we may not be required to, among other things, (i) provide an auditor’s attestation report on our system of internal controls over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404, (ii) provide all of the compensation disclosure that may be required of non-emerging growth public companies under the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, (iii) comply with any requirement that may be adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, or the PCAOB, regarding mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor’s report providing additional information about the audit and the financial statements (auditor discussion and analysis), and (iv) disclose certain executive compensation related items such as the correlation between executive compensation and performance and comparisons of the CEO’s compensation to median employee compensation.

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Results of Operations

The following table presents our results of operations for the periods indicated. The period-to-period comparisons of results are not necessarily indicative of results for future periods.

The following table presents the components of our results of operations for the periods indicated as a percentage of revenue:

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Comparison of the Three Months Ended September 30, 2013 and 2012

The following table presents our results of operations for the periods indicated: